europe

  

An EU reparations loan is the right way to help Ukraine

There will be a post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. Charles Lichfield and Nicolas Véron examine how European Union countries should agree to back a clever financing workaround that would leave Russia’s assets untouched but leverage them to support Ukraine

  

The EU should moderate its steel protection plan

There is a steel overcapacity problem. Ignacio García Bercero considers a European Commission proposal for a tight quota and high steel tariffs that risks undermining perceptions of the European Union as a reliable trading partner

  

Trade wars and central banks: lessons from 2025

Christine Lagarde states we can take comfort in having overcome a large inflation shock after the pandemic, and in how the economy has coped so far with an upheaval in trade relations, but warns we must remain alert to possible new shocks that may still lie ahead

   

Geopolitical shifts and their economic impacts on Europe

The rules-based international system has fundamentally altered. André Sapir, Jacob Funk Kirkegaard and Jeromin Zettelmeyer examine the short-term risks, medium-term scenarios and policy choices and discuss how Europe can hold its own in a multipolar world

 

What progress have EU candidate countries made?

EU candidate countries remain far from EU averages in terms of GDP per capita and their demographic and labour market characteristics. Marek Dabrowski and Maria Catarina Louro examine selected income, demographic and labour market indicators to assess progress

   

The struggle against hesitation

The EU is engaged in an unprecedented struggle for independence, values and democracy in a world shaped by the re-emergence of imperial ambitions. Simone Tagliapietra says Ursula von der Leyen is right to say Europe is in a ‘fight’ around competitiveness and values, but it may lack the right pugilistic attitude