The rules-based international system has fundamentally altered. André Sapir, Jacob Funk Kirkegaard and Jeromin Zettelmeyer examine the short-term risks, medium-term scenarios and policy choices and discuss how Europe can hold its own in a multipolar world

The EU is engaged in an unprecedented struggle for independence, values and democracy in a world shaped by the re-emergence of imperial ambitions. Simone Tagliapietra says Ursula von der Leyen is right to say Europe is in a ‘fight’ around competitiveness and values, but it may lack the right pugilistic attitude

The US willingness to weaponise trade makes clear that transatlantic economic relations have become entirely transactional. Luis Garicano argues that Europe must respond to US tariffs with economic strength: faster productivity growth, cheaper energy, a genuine continental market, and tech leadership

Russia’s expansionist drive reaches far beyond Ukraine. Patrick van Schie argues that European countries should grow up militarily within NATO, an organization that has operated with unmatched success at deterring the enemies of the free world

Rule of law is not the enemy of autonomy; it is its foundation. Christine Lagarde says the EU can pursue its policy choices because they are framed by legal commitments that others recognise and respect

History shows that tariffs harm trade. Patrick Minford demonstrates how the US is damaging its long run prospects by pursuing old-fashioned protectionism