The EU must speed up its integration and overhaul a model of export-led growth that has faltered amid mounting geopolitical turmoil. Christine Lagarde warns that the EU is increasingly vulnerable to shocks and is lagging behind in areas that will drive growth such as AI

The global trading system needs to reform. Ignacio García Bercero considers a first step in coalition building where two of the world’s major trading blocs have signalled their willingness to work to repair a system undermined by the US and China

Europe’s lack of defence capabilities leaves it vulnerable to economic and foreign policy pressure. Philipp Hildebrand, Hélène Rey and Moritz Schularick outline key principles for establishing a European Future of Defence Architecture and a framework for its financing

For over 400 years the world economy has seen greater globalisation. Steve Schifferes believes the weakness of international institutions and the limited visions of governments are not optimistic signs for the future of globalisation

The foundations of the multilateral trading system have been shaken. Petros Mavroidis argues that reviving the WTO will require a determined effort from the key stakeholders to address issues that the membership has previously avoided

There will be a post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. Charles Lichfield and Nicolas Véron examine how European Union countries should agree to back a clever financing workaround that would leave Russia’s assets untouched but leverage them to support Ukraine